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Emerging Concept in Organizations:-

1. Work Team Concept: -  This concept consists entirely of work team. It’s getting popular for new product development & innovation. It consists of:
• Group of members with multiple & complimentary skills.
• Specific team goals.
• Authority to make decisions.
• Shared leadership roles in problem solving.
• Individual & mutual accountability.

The collective performance of the team produces synergy. The team performance is greater than the total performance of members as individuals.

	Common Barriers to Effective Communication. ·        Semantic (Symbolic) Barriers: Language: Sentence structure Jargon (technical language) ·        Physical Barriers ·        Psychological Barriers ·        Organizational Barriers: Poor Planning: Structure Complexity Status Difference Hierarchical Distance Information Overload Timing Technology

 

Types of Conflict:-

1. Functional Conflict
2. Dysfunctional conflict
3. Task conflict
4. Process Conflict
5. Relationship Conflict

Strategies of Conflicts:

1. WIN-LOSE  strategies
2. LOSE-LOSE strategies
3. WIN-WIN strategies.

Conflict management Techniques:

1. Problem Solving [ WIN-WIN]
2. Expansion of Resources [ WIN-WIN]
3. Avoidance [ LOOSE-LOOSE]
4. Compromise [ LOOSE-LOOSE]
5. Authoritative Command. [WIN-WIN]

Process of Communication:

 

	Types of Communication: ·        Formal Communication ·        Informal Communication 1)[Single stand 2) Gossip 3.) Probability 4). Cluster ] Chain. ·        Interpersonal Communication. 1.   Oral Communication 2.   Written Communication ·        Non-verbal Communication

 

Fig: Process of Communication.

  Importance of Communication:

1.     Successful operation of business

2.     Basis of managerial function

3.     Prompt decision making & Implementation

4.     Healthy Human Relation

5.     Increases employees’ morale

6.     Cost minimization.

Introduction to Management:

·        According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate & to control.”

·       

Skills Required to be a successful manager 1.     Technical Skills 2.     Human Skills 3.     Conceptual Skills

Functions of Management:

1.     Planning and Decision Making

2.     Organizing and Staffing

3.    

Importance of management: 1.     Effective utilization of Resources 2.     Meeting the challenges of change 3.     Innovation to solve problems 4.     Co-ordination 5.     Personality development

Leading

4.     Controlling

·        Characteristics of Management:

1.     Group Activity

2.     Management is a process

3.     Management is Profession

4.     Management is Dynamic

5.    

Role of a Manager in the performance of activities: 1.     Identification of opportunities 2.     Division of work and work plan 3.     Setting goals and target 4.     Resource management 5.     Linkage with environment 6.     Monitoring and evaluating accomplishment

Universal application

6.     Management achieves goals

7.     Skills and Experience

·        Principles of Management:

1. Principle of policy making
2. Principle of balance
3. Principle of planning
4. Principle of co-operation

5. Emerging challenges of Management: 1.     Ethics and social responsibility 2.     Workers’ empowerment 3.     Cultural change 4.     Boundryless organization 5.     Technology 6.     Team-based structure 7.     Globalization 8.     Quality Assurance 9.     Learning Organization 10.Organizational Design.

   Principle of leadership
6. Principle of responsibility and authority
7. principle of expectation
8. Principle of Standardization
9. Principle of financial incentives.

10.Principle of specialization

11.Principle of Individual Effectiveness

12.Principle of Improvement

13.Principle of Right man at Right Place

14.Principle of simplicity

15.Principle of control.

Evolution of Management Thought:

1.     Management in Antique(historic):- [catholic church, military org., camera light, mgmt of town and nation mentioned in Kautilya’s economics are some examples]

2.    Post Industrial Revolution Period:- [James watt and Robinson Boulton Performed:

·       

Contingency Theory:- According to this theory, there is no any single way or model for planning, policy making, decision making, controlling, providing leadership, organizing and promotion, should follow various way or models regarding the situation needed. This theory is popularized by Poul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch.

Development of Steam engine

·        Use of Machine

·        Production planning and controlling

·        Market Investigation and forecasting

·        Statistic method and use of cost accounting.

3.    Classical Period:

·        The Scientific management:-[F.W.Taylor]

·        Bureaucratic Model:- [Max Weber]

·        Administrative management theory:- [Henry Fayol]

4.    Neo-classical period:- [G.E. Mayo]

5.    Modern Period:- [since 1960 till this period is taken as modern period in the development of management. F.E. Fiedler, Rensis Likert, Peter Drucker, M.C. Gregor,W.G. Ouchi are the main contributor of this thought of management.]

Features of an Organizational Goal: 1.     S – specific 2.     M – measurable 3.     A – achievable 4.     R – reliable (agreeable) 5.     T – time-bound

Characteristics of Management:-

1.     Common objectives / purpose

2.     Environmental influence

3.     Collection of people

4.     Co-ordination

5.     Hierarchy of authority

6.     Division of Labour

	Fayol’s 14 principles of management: 1.     Division of Work 2.     Authority 3.     Discipline 4.     Unity of Command 5.     Unity of Direction 6.     Subordination of individual interest to general interest. 7.     Remuneration 8.     Centralization 9.     Scalar Chain 10.            Order 11.            Equity 12.            Stability of Tenure of personnel 13.            Initiative 14.            Esprit de corps.